以学科定位视角审视科学哲学的新走向

The new direction of science of philosophy of science in location of discipline's view

科学哲学的定位问题必须从学科的角度加以分析。在科学哲学的历史中一直有逻辑经验主义和历史主义两种传统 ,前者主张科学的哲学 (ScientificPhilosophy) ,后者主张有关科学的哲学 (PhilosophyofScience)。科学的哲学从元学科的角度认为科学就是元学科 ,即物理学和数学。一个是元内容 ,一个是元形式。科学哲学就是元学科的哲学。有关科学的哲学 ,认为从学科群的角度看 ,科学是以学科的相对独立性为基础的 ,以学科间的相互联系、相互作用为特征的“学科域”动态的学科分化和整合过程。科学既包括学科 (不同 )的分支 ,又包括学科间的一体化趋势 ;既有经典性的学科 ,也有处于研究阶段的研究性学科。科学哲学既包括学科哲学 ,也包括跨学科的哲学。学科哲学是有关科学的哲学的过度形态 ,是暂时的 ,而跨学科 (学科域 )研究代表了科学哲学发展的新方向。

The location of Philosophy of Science must be analyzed from the point of discipline.There are two sorts of tradition in history of Philosophy of Science:one is logical empiricism,the other is historicism The former is Scientific Philosophy,the latter is Philosophy of Science. Scientific Philosophy thinks that Science is meta-discipline,i.e.Physics and Mathematics.The former is meta-content,the latter is meta-form.Scientific Philosophy is Philosophy of meta-discipline.Philosophy of Science believe that Science is on the basis of independent character of discipline,is depended on the correlation and impact of each other.Science includes different branches and ingrates direction of different discipline.It consist of classical discipline and research discipline.Philosophy of science includes philosophy of discipline and philosophy of inter-discipline.Philosophy of discipline is a period of philosophy of science,it is transient.Research of inter-discipline is a new direction of philosophy of science.