化学与稳定同位素指纹示踪原油类污染:以广东南海两次小型溢油事件为例

Applications of chemical and stable isotopic fingerprints for oil contamination identification: Case studies of two heavy oil spills in Nanhai, Guangdong Province, China

化学和稳定同位素指纹是目前国际上用于示踪石油类污染来源及其环境命运的有效技术。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析可疑重油与被污染水体及植物表面污染物的饱和烃和芳烃分布以及生物标志化合物姥姣烷、植烷、“不可分辨的混合物”(UCM)等化学指纹特征,对比可疑重油与被污染水体表面漂浮重油的沥青质同位素组成,追踪了发生在广东省南海市的两次小型重油泄漏事件。结果揭示,2002年10月16日晚发生的污染事件源于某饲料公司锅炉房的重油泄漏;而2002年10月25日的泄漏事故则是某加油站重油渗漏所致。

Chemical and isotopic fingerprints are used as effective indicators in tracing contaminant and monitoring their fates in modern environment to provide basis for assessing ecological damages and potential risks, settling liability disputes and taking effective clean up measures. The saturated and aromatic fractions (chemical fingerprints) are analyzed with GC MS of dubious heavy oils and the contaminants on the surface of the effected water and plant for two small heavy oil spills occurred in Nanhai, Guangdong Province. Combining the alkane and aromatic components patterns, biomarkers such as n C17/Pr, n C18/Ph and UCM as well as the asphaltene stable carbon isotopic compositions analyzed with GC IRMS, it is suggested that the heavy oil NH01 from the stokehold of a feed plant was the “ criminal” of the accident happened in 16 Oct, 2002, and the spill happened in 25 Oct, 2002 was possibly caused by the heavy oil leakage from a gas station nearby.