关于直言判断周延问题理论综述

General Introduction on Distribution Theory of Categorical Judgment

直言判断的周延问题是普通逻辑推理特别是三段论的一个基本问题 ,这个问题直接关系到A、E、I、O四分法、传统逻辑三段论乃至整个传统逻辑演绎体系的生存。但是 ,长期以来 ,逻辑学界对周延和不周延的理解不一致 ,存在很大差别 ,这就导致了对直言判断谓项是否周延的问题也一直没有形成统一意见。本文通过收集整理 ,对关于周延问题的主要意见做综合叙述 ,以便对该问题有一个总的认识 。

Distribution of categorical judgment is a basic problem in universal logic deduction, especially in syllogism. It directly concerns 4 divisions of 'A?E?I?O'?traditional logical syllogism and even the existence of the whole traditional system of logical deduction. However, for a long time, there exist lots of divergences in understanding the distributed and the undistributed, which causes disagreement on whether categorical judgment's predicate term is distributed or not. Through collection and coordination, this essay tries to give a general introduction on the dominating opinions about distribution so that we can not only understand this problem as a whole but also make a further research on the base of the current theory.