九种药用植物提取液对储粮害虫毒杀作用的研究

Study on the Effects of Nine Medicinal Herbs Extract on the Stored Grain Insect Pests

本文介绍了中国的丹皮(Paeonia suffrutiposa Andr.)、蛇床子(Cnidiummonnieri(L.)Cuss.)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)、姜黄(Cur-cuma longa auct.non L.),木香薷(Elsholtozia stauntonii Benth)、苦楝(Me-lia azedarach L.)、槟榔(Areca Catechu L.)、半夏(Pinellia ternata Breit)和乌梅(Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc.)等九种药用植物,采用点滴法、喷雾法、拌粮法和熏蒸法,对玉米象(Sitophilus Zeamais Motschulshy)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha domin-ica(Fabricius))、杂拟谷盗(Tribolium confnsum Jacqnelin du Val)、赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castanneum Herbst)和绿豆象(Callosobruchus chinensis(L.))等虫种,进行了室内毒力测定和毒杀作用的研究。结果表明,苦楝油、木香薷挥发油和丹皮乙醚热提取物均具有较明显的接触致死效应;蛇床子95%乙醇热提取物也具有一定的接触致死作用。其中木香薷挥发油还具有较强的熏杀作用。苦楝油拌粉处理赤拟谷盗各个虫态,导致形态畸形;丹皮粗提物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗等成虫亦具有相似作用。槟榔—正丁醇提取物对杂拟谷盗幼虫中肠淀粉酶的活性具有一定的抑制作用。

The histio assay and toxic effects of nine chinese medicinal herbs Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.,Cnidium monnieri(L.)Cuss.,Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.,Curcuma longa auct.non L.,Elsholtozia stauntonii Benth,Melia azedarach L.,Areca catechu L.,Pinellia ternata Breit,Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc.,etc.against maize weevil(Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky),lesser grain borer(Rhizopertha dominica(Fabricius)),confused flour beetle(Tribolium confu-sum Jacquelin du Val),red flour beetle(Tribolium castaneum Herbst)and chinese cowpeaweevil(Callosobruchus chinensis(L.))by topical applications,spraying,fumigating andmixing pesticide with diet are described in this paper.The result showed that seed oilof Melia azedarach L.,volatile oil of Elsholtozia stauntonii Benth and hot etherextract of Paeonia suffru icosa Andr.exhibited distinct contact toxicity,95% hotethanol extract of Cnidium monnieri(L.)Cuss,exhibited certain contact poison as well.Of these materials,volatile oil of Elsholtozia stauntonii Benth have also strong fumigatingtoxicity.The treatment of different stages of red flour beetle with seed oil of Melia azedarachL.mixed with diet led to morphological distoration of different stages.Crude extract of Paeoniasuffruticosa Andr.for lesser grain borer and red flour beetle showed similar effect.Butanolextract of Areca catechu L.has certain inhibiting effect on the midgut amylase activity ofconfused flour beetle larvae.