刺激性气体HCl在不同尺度火灾实验中的释放行为

Emissivity of Irritant Gas HCl in Different Scale Fire Experiments

火灾是一种灾害性燃烧现象 ,给人员和财产安全带来极大损失。氯化氢 (HCl)是火灾烟气中阻碍人员逃生的最重要的刺激性气体之一。以典型的小尺度和大尺度实验为例 ,分析了加热程度和通风供氧对常用有机材料起火后释放HCl的影响 ,发现不论小尺度还是大尺度 ,HCl的形成只与燃烧过程有关 ,与氧化过程无关 ,HCl的生成率不随通风情况不同而改变。实验中影响HCl释放的主要因素是热 (辐射加热热流密度或温度 )。当超过CCl键发生断裂的温度后 ,继续升温HCl释放速率不发生改变 ,出现稳定释放阶段。在反映HCl释放过程不同尺度间存在共性 ,因此 。

Fire is a disastrous combustion phenomenon, which leads a great loss of lives and properties. Irritant gas hydrogen chloride (HCl) is one of most important toxic gases that blocks people to evacuate from fire circumstances. Taking the experimental data from small batch test and full batch experiments as example, effects of heating and oxygen supply by ventilation on hydrogen chloride emission were analyzed. Results indicated that the emission of HCl correlated only with the course of combustion, and had no relation with the process of oxidation in either small or full batches. The emission rate of HCl did not vary with the state of ventilation. In the experiment, it was found that the major influential factor affecting HCl emission was heat, such as radiation heat, intensity of heat current and temperature. Once the temperature was high enough to break the bond between carbon and chlorine, unceasing temperature rising would no more alter the emission rate of HCl. Instead, it turned to a steady emission stage. There existed some common characteristics among different scale tests. It concluded that to explore mechanism by using the result of small batch scale test is a rational method.