明代资本主义萌芽的新制度经济学解释

Explanation for New Institutional Economics for Budding of Capitalism of Ming Dynasty

从新制度经济学视角看,在明代商贸史的演变过程中,"两田制"的分散经营,资本市场的落后,商业对资本的超低吸纳能力,使地租不能顺利地转化为商业资本;封建王权对私人产权的侵蚀,封建宗法制的内部组织产权结构,又阻碍了资本雇佣劳动生产关系的良性发展。故而明代的制度环境,并不能使工商业运营领域的交易成本得以有效降低,由封建经济向资本主义经济大规模的制度变迁也不会发生。

From the point of view of New Institutional Economics, land rent couldn't be smoothly transferred into commercial capital during the evolution processof business history of Ming Dynasty, with the decentralized operation of the'two-land system', backward capital market and the ultra-low ability of businessto absorb capital.Misappropriation of private property by feudal monarchy and thestructure of inner organization and property rights of feudal nepotistic system ofimperial clan hindered the positive development of the production relations ofcapital employing labor. Consequently, the circumstance of the system couldn'teffectively reduce the cost of trade in the field of business operation and thusmassive transition from feudal economy to capital economy could not occur.