谷子有性生殖过程的研究——Ⅰ.夏谷受精作用的细胞学观察

Studies on the Process of Sexual Reproduction in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica P.Beauv)——Ⅰ.Cytological Observations on the Fertilization in Foxtail Millet

通过常规石蜡切片染色观察,研究了夏谷成熟雌雄配子体的结构特点及受精作用各阶段的持续时间。研究表明:谷子为3-细胞花粉、正常型胚囊、多个反足细胞;大约在授粉后30分钟花粉管到达胚囊,4C 分钟至3小时为受精时期;初生胚乳核授粉后3小时已进入第一次分裂中期,而合子约间隔5小时才进行第一次分裂。另外,在成熟胚囊的珠孔端,首次观察到一种珠心细胞特化结构——柱形细胞,本文就夏谷双受精过程及柱形细胞的特点和功能等问题进行了讨论,为作物受精生理学研究提供了依据。

Structural characteristics of male and female gametophytes as well as the processand the duration of the different stages of double-fertilization in foxtail millet were studied,using paraffin wax section cutting and staining.The result indicated that:there are three celled pollen,normal embrvo sac and mutiantipodal cells in foxtail mil-let;the pollen tube reaches the embrvo sac about 30 minutes after pollination,doublefertilization occurs within 40 to 180 minutes;the primary endosperm nucleus reachesthe metaphase of the first mitosis 3 hours after pollination;however,there is an inter-val of 5 hours before the first division of the zvgote starts.Moreover,a hither tOunknown structure of nucellus cells,the cylindric cells was first observed.Problemsconcerning the double-fertilization as well as the Characteristics and function of thecylindric cells were also discussed.