解构自我——多元语境下中西文化灵性深处的融合与会通唐梅秀

A Deconstructive Analysis of the Concept of the Self——Spiritual Affinity of Chinese and Western Cultures in the Pluralistic Context

无论从本体论还是认识论来看,儒家心性传统的主流均缺乏知性意义上的客观自我存在,无法为个体生命确立形上的终极价值依据。道家的"无学"与佛家的"空学",在淡忘了人作为独立主体的本己存在后,使"自我"徘徊于"我"与"非我"之间无所适从,陷入了相对主义的迷宫。基督教文化内涵与华夏古圣先贤致力寻求的"中道"并无冲突,而且可以补充儒道释传统思维框架超越性价值观中对个体生命的关怀与尊重方面存在的不足。对当今多元语境下中西文化形上体系中的"自我"进行解构,必然走向儒道释与基督教文化灵性深处的融合与会通。

No matter whether from an ontological or an epistemological point of view the mainstream of the spiritual tradition in Confucianism is marked by the absence of the objective conscious self so that it fails to offer an ultimate metaphysical value standard for individual existence. The concept of 'non-self' in Taoism and 'emptiness' in Buddhism are similar in their oblivion of the self as an independent subject and thus fall into the trap of relativism with the self remaining unidentified in the game of self and non-self. The essence of Christian culture poses no conflict to the doctrine of 'Golden Mean', which ancient Chinese sages sought to follow. On the contrary it helps to compensate for the lack in the transcendent value systems of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism as concerns love and respect for the life of the individual. Under the circumstances of pluralistic context, a deconstructive analysis of the concept of 'the self' in western and Chinese metaphysical systems leads to a profound depth of the spiritual affinity of Confucianist, Taoist, Buddhist and Christian philosophies.