儿童攻击行为与"心理理论"关系的研究

A Study on the Relation of Children' s Aggression to Their Theory-of-mind

本研究采用自然观察法评定177名3-4岁儿童的攻击行为。以攻击行为平均分为指标从被观察儿童中选取93名为被试,采用"意外转移"和"欺骗外表"两种实验任务,比较各类攻击儿童的心理理论。本研究得出主要结论:总体而言,攻击儿童与无攻击儿童的心理理论不存在显著差异。间接攻击儿童的心理理论显著高于身体攻击儿童。各类儿童的表征变化不存在显著差异。研究结果支持了我们提出的攻击行为"类型特殊性"假说。

177 three-to-four years old children's aggressive behaviors were assessed by natural observations. The'unexpected transfer' and 'deceptive appearance' experimental tasks were employed in a sample of 93 children selected from the observed children according to the mean of their aggressive behaviors, in order to compare children's theory-of-mind. The results showed that, overall, no significant difference in the ability of theory-of-mind existed between aggressive and non-aggressive children. Indirect-aggressive children had a higher level of ability of theory-of-mind than those physical-aggressive children, but the rest did not differ significantly. All the three groups of children had similar abilities of representational changes. The result of the study supported the 'type-specific hypothesis' of cognitive mechanism of aggressive behaviors that we put forward.