药物成瘾过程的心理-神经理论模型

Some Theoretical Models of the Drug Addiction Process

药物成瘾一般被界定为强迫性药物寻求和药物摄入的行为模式,是一个由偶尔用药逐渐过渡到强迫性用药模式的过程。成瘾过程伴随着一系列脑机能和心理机能的改变,但对药物滥用如何导致这些改变以及这些改变如何诱发成瘾却存在着不同的解释。本文在简要评述拮抗过程模型和异常学习模型的基础上,重点讨论了诱因-易感化模型的主要观点及其行为实验和神经心理学证据,并提出成瘾理论研究进一步整合的可能性。

Drug addiction is defined as compulsively behavioral patterns drug-seeking and drug-taking, a process from casual to compulsive patterns of drug use. This addiction process is accompanied by many drug - induced changes in the brain and involves changes in psychological functions. It is not well understood, however, what psychological functions are changed as a consequence of the drug abuse, or how those changes cause addiction. In this article, the new progress of theoretical explanations for drug addiction is presented After reviewing the opponent process model based on the hedonic view and the opponent process model based on conditioning theory, the incentive - sensitization model based on neural adaptations and its behavioral experiments and neuropsychological evidences. The authors discussed in great details. The possibilities of reintegration in future research in this area are also covered.