大学生学科问题类比迁移的实验研究

An Experimental Study on Undergraduates' Analogical Transfer of Disciplinary Problems

考察了单个和两个源问题条件下大学生学科问题类比迁移的情况。实验1考察表面特性对学科问题迁移成绩的影响,以及个体的时间控制、解题策略。实验2考察两个源问题表面相似关系和思路归纳关系对迁移成绩的影响。结果表明:1)表面相似性对迁移成绩影响显著,同领域学科问题之间更容易迁移;2)依据表面和依据结构来激活源问题都是有效策略,源问题学习时间与迁移效果之间不存在显著关系;3)思路归纳对迁移成绩影响显著。

Two experiments were designed to examine undergraduates' analogical transfer of disciplinary problems. The first one focused on the effects of surface feature of source analog on problem solving and subjects' responses such as time controlling and thinking strategies. The second one focused on the effects of different relationships between two source problems of analogical transfer. The results are:1) Surface similarity has a significant impact on analogical transfer. Transfer occurred more easily between problems in the same discipline fields. 2) Effective strategies for activatang source analog can be based on surface as well as on structure. There is no significant relationship between learning time and transfer effects during analogical transfer. 3) Solution method induction has a significant impact on transfer.