辛夷挥发油含量及良种选育指标研究

Study on the variability of Xinyi from the flower buds of Yulania species of magnoliaceae and criterions for Xinyi breeding

对国产5种辛夷树种,即望春玉兰Y biondii(Pamp )D.L.Fu,腋花玉兰Y axilliflora(T.B.Zhaoetal )D.L.Fu罗田玉兰Y pilocarpa(Z.Z.ZhaoetZ.W.Xie)D.L.Fu,玉兰Y denudata(Desr )D.L.Fu和紫玉兰Y liliiflora(Desr )D.L.Fu的46个品种资源的挥发油含率、百蕾重和百蕾油量作了测定与分析.结果表明,辛夷5树种间数量性状差异显著,其中望春玉兰的挥发油含率和百蕾油量均显著高于总体平均值,望春玉兰挥发油含率最高可达7 2% 紫玉兰的挥发油含率、百蕾重和百蕾油量明显小于总体平均值,百蕾油量达到极显著差异.望春玉兰和玉兰辛夷数量性状的种内变异也很丰富,其中,望春玉兰挥发油含率种内变异系数为27 3%、百蕾油量的种内变异系数42 4%,均明显大于玉兰变异系数.依据46个辛夷品种的性状测定结果,提出辛夷良种选育指标为挥发油含率大于4 1%、百蕾重大于42 3g、百蕾油量大于1 61mL以上研究结果为辛夷的良种选育与推广、辛夷挥发油的开发利用奠定了科学基础.

Three characters of Xinyi, the percentage of volatile oil, weight per 100 buds and volume of volatile oil per 100 buds were tested and analysed from 46 cultivars of five Yulania species --Yulania biondii (Pamp.)D.L.Fu, Y. axilliflora (T.B.Zhao et al.)D.L.Fu, Y. pilocarpa (Z.Z.Zhao et Z.W.Xie)D.L.Fu, Y. denudata (Desr) D.L.Fu,and Y. liliiflora (Desr.) D.L.Fu.The results showed that there were obvious differences in characters am- ong 5 species. The percentage and volume of volatile oil of Y. biondii were remorkwoly higher than the average of 5 species, and the highest percentage of volatile oil was 7.2%. The volume of volatile oil of Y. liliiflora was significantly lower than the average. The variability inside the species of Y. biondii and Y. denudata were analyzed too. The coefficients of variability of the percentage and volume of volatile oil inside the species of Y. biondii were 27.3% and 42.4% respectively, which were obviously higher than that of Y. denudata. Based on the character test and analysis result of 46 cultivars of Xinyi, the criterions for super cultivars were set up,i.e.the percentage of volatile oil higher than 4.1%, the weight per 100 buds higher than 42.3 g and the volume of volatile oil per 100 buds higher than 1.6mL.The above results of researeh have laid a scientific foundation for the breeding and deffusion of fine Xinyi cultivary ,and the development and utilization of Xinyi volatile oil.