松果采摘对长白山自然保护区红松天然更新的影响

Effect of cone-picking on natural regeneration of Korean pine in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

在野外调查研究基础上 ,结合 2 0世纪 70年代未受干扰的红松天然林地面红松种子贮藏情况 ,分析了长白山自然保护区松果采摘后 ,红松林地面红松种源贮藏和分布变化 ,根据红松更新过程与动物的关系 ,探讨了松果采摘对红松更新条件的影响 .结果表明 ,松果采摘后 ,地面红松种子主要分布在地被物下层且大多呈单粒状分布 ,其贮藏量 1 5 82～ 2 6 4 0粒·hm-2 ,仅为 2 0世纪 70年代的 0 3%～ 0 5 % ,废种子比率 6 7 8%～ 86 2 % ,单粒状占总簇数的 4 6 8%～ 77 1 % ,对红松天然更新起重要作用的动物已减少或消失 ,表明松果采摘是长白山自然保护区红松天然更新的最大障碍之一 .

The storage and distribution of Korean pine seeds on Korean pine forest floor in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve were investigated,and the data were compared with those in 1970s when the forest was little disturbed.Based on the dependence of natural regeneration of Korean pine on seed predating animals,the effect of commercial cone picking on natural regeneration of Korean pine was discussed.The results showed that Korean pine seeds were generally berried under litter layer,and most of them were dropped during cone picking.The density of Korean pine seeds was 1 582～2 640·hm -2 ,accounted for 0 3%～0 5% of that in 1970s.Furthermore,over 67 8% of these seeds were rotten.Unlike the seeds distributed by squirrel,many (46 7%～77 1%) of them distributed singly.Animals that pick seeds from cone and thus are important for natural regeneration of Korean pine have reduced their population or even disappeared in recent years because most Korean pine cone were collected by people.Therefore,cone picking was one of the obstacles for natural regeneration of Korean pine in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve.