扦插玉米秸秆改良松嫩平原次生光碱斑的研究

Amelioration of secondary bare alkali-saline patches in Songnen Plain through inserting cornstalk.

根据野外实验 ,提出了改良松嫩平原次生光碱斑的新方法 ,即通过扦插玉米秸秆截留植物种子 ,在玉米秸秆分解作用下 ,以玉米秸秆本身及其邻近区域 ,为植物提供生长平台 ,使被截留的植物种子得以顺利定居、生长 ;达到低成本、快速地恢复次生光碱斑植被的目的 .结果表明 ,扦插玉米秸秆可显著提高土壤种子库 ,改良区土壤种子数量为 4 0 2 0 0± 1 773 6粒·m-2 ,次生光碱斑土壤种子库为 1 0 0± 31 6粒·m-2 ,被截留的种子为植被恢复提供了种源 .改良区土壤理化特性得到一定改善 ,但仍具有高pH值、高盐分含量和低有机质含量等特征 .虎尾草能在玉米秸秆周围存活 ,每个玉米秸秆周围可生长 3 9± 2 2株 ,产量可达 6 8 6 4± 38 72 g·m-2 .该方法投入少、成本低、技术简单 ,在次生光碱斑呈斑块状、且面积相对较小的区域 。

Based on the field experiment on Songnen grassland,a new method was established to ameliorate the secondary bare alkali saline patches (SAP) through inserting cornstalk.The experiment was rested on the assumption that through inserting cornstalk in the secondary bare alkali saline patches (SAP) to retain seeds moving over its surface,the necessary seed source could be gained; and these seeds should be able to germinate and survive successfully on the cornstalk itself or in its neighborhood,where should be more fit to grow than other sites in SAP,due to the decomposition of cornstalk and its special role,so that,the aim to restore vegetation of SAP could be achieved at a pretty low cost and rapid speed.The results showed that the seed bank in soil was increased significantly,owing to the inserted cornstalk and its operating processes.The seed number in ameliorated soil was 4 020 0 ±1 773 6 seeds·m -2 ,while that in the secondary bare alkali saline patches (SAP) was only 10 0±31 6 seeds·m -2 .Although the soil chemical and physical characters in ameliorated zone were improved to some extent,the overall situation of soil was still bad for plant growth,as the pH,soluble saline ion and organic matter were concerned.Most of Chloris virgata grew around or on the cornstalk,the plants around each cornstalk being 3 9±2 2,and the total being 48 64±38 72 g·m -2 .Therefore,this method demanded a few resources,and needed simple technology and low cost,which is potentially deserved to popularize.