生防细菌产生的拮抗物质及其在生物防治中的作用

Antibiotics production by bacterial agents and its role in biological control

利用生防细菌防治植物病害是生物防治的一个主要内容 .生防细菌防治植物病害发生发展的一个重要机制是产生拮抗物质 .生防细菌的拮抗物质种类多 ,作用范围广谱 .同一种拮抗物质可以由多种细菌菌株产生 ,而同一细菌也可以产生多种不同结构的拮抗物质 .运用现代分子生物学技术和先进的分析测试手段可以加快对产生拮抗物质生防细菌的研究 ,了解生防细菌在寄主植物根围和叶围的定植效果 ,明确拮抗物质在生物防治中的作用 .拮抗物质的产生除与细菌基因型有关外 ,一些外在的生物和非生物因素如病原菌存在与否、温度、pH和C、N营养等也影响拮抗物质产生 .文中论述了生防细菌应用中存在的问题 ,指出混合菌剂的研制对防止病原菌抗性产生具有重要作用 。

Using bacteria to control plant diseases is one of the main strategies in plant protection,and its mechanism is commonly thought to be the production of antibiotics by bacteria.The produced antibiotics not only have structural diversity,but also have broad spectrum activity against many pathogens.Experimental results showed that one kind of antibiotics could be produced by several bacterial strains,and one bacterial strain could also produced more than one kind of antibiotics.Recent development in molecular and bio analytical techniques greatly promoted the research of bacterial bio control,and the colonization survey of introducing bacterial strain to the rhizosphere and spermosphere of host plants.Besides bacterial genotypes,several biotic and abiotic factors including whether the pathogens existing or not,temperature,pH,carbon and nitrogen sources are also identified to affect the antibiotics production by bacteria.The authors illustrated some of the impeding problems in bacterial bio control agents' application,and suggested that in the future research,more attention should be paid on developing mixed bio control agent to avoid the anti antibiotic activity of pathogens.