蚯蚓堆制处理对牛粪性状的影响

Effect of Vermicomposting on Characteristics of Cattle Manure

在最适的湿度和接种密度条件下,室内接种赤子爱胜蚓处理未腐熟牛粪,同时以不接种蚯蚓的未腐熟牛粪和自然堆制的腐熟牛粪为对照,研究了蚯蚓堆制处理对牛粪性状的影响。结果表明,赤子爱胜蚓处理显著增加了未腐熟牛粪中矿质氮和速效磷的含量,提高了碱性磷酸酶的活性,降低了微生物量碳、氮的含量和脲酶的活性,对蔗糖酶活性无显著影响。赤子爱胜蚓处理的牛粪中细菌在短期内(15d内)数量显著增加,真菌和放线菌的数量变化不明显。蚯蚓处理产物与自然堆制的腐熟牛粪对照相比较,矿质氮和速效钾要高于腐熟牛粪,但速效磷无显著差异;微生物量碳氮和酶活性均显著高于自然腐熟牛粪;细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量也高于自然腐熟牛粪,但波动较大。

Vermicomposting is a new type technique for treating organic waste in the world, but little information on the characteristics of vermicomposts can be found. Eisenia foetida (a popular commercial variety) was used and inoculated in the raw cattle manure under optimal moisture and inoculation density in laboratory at 20℃ . Characteristics of cattle manure were studied after vermicomposting for two months, using the raw uncomposted cattle manure without earthworm and natural composting cattle manure as the controls. The results showed that the Eisenia foetida developed and reproduced well in the 60 incubation days. Eisenia foetida increased significantly the content of mineral nitrogen and available phosphorus, promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase, decreased the number of microbial and the activity of urease, but had no significant effect on sucrase in the raw uncomposted cattle manure. Numbers of bacteria significantly increased in the vermicomposting treatment for the first 15 days, while fungi and actinomyces changed insignificantly between the two treatments, which implied that the earthworm was favorable to the maturity of raw cattle manure and increased the mineralization. Compared with natural composting without earthworm, vermicomposting significantly increased the content of mineral nitrogen and available potassium, microbial biomass C and N and the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase. These results suggested that vermicomposting was a better way for treating organic waste, by decreasing the nutrient loss and enhancing the active matter in the composting process.