肾组织肥大细胞的形态学特点及染色方法

Morphological characteristics and different staining methods of mast cells in renal tissue of chronic glomerulonephritis

目的 探索检测肾组织肥大细胞的理想方法 ,研究肾组织中肥大细胞的分布和形态特点。方法 用免疫组织化学方法和 4种不同pH值的甲苯胺蓝染液对 4 6例肾小球肾炎患者肾活检标本进行染色 ,观察肥大细胞在不同时间点的染出数及分布、形态特点 ,比较几种方法肥大细胞的显示数 ,并与免疫组织化学结果对照 ,计算每种染液的染出率。同时用透射电镜进一步观察肥大细胞的形态及超微结构。结果 肥大细胞数量比较 :pH 0 5与 1 0组无差别 ,其余的两两比较差异都有显著性 ,几种染液显示的肥大细胞相对于免疫组化结果的染出率分别是 78 8% (pH 0 5 ) ,79 4 % (pH 1 0 ) ,5 6 9% (pH 3 0 ) ,10 2 % (pH 5 0 )。电镜观察到幼稚、成熟和脱颗粒的形态不一的肥大细胞。 结论 ①免疫组织化学染色效果最好 ,其次是 pH值 0 5和 1 0的甲苯胺蓝染液 ,pH 5 0染液的效果最差。②肾组织肥大细胞形态多样 。

Purpose To investigate the ideal methods to detect mast cells(MCs) in renal tissue and to study the distribution and morphological features of MC. Methods The number of MC infiltration from 46 patients with different forms of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis was examined by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry, using a monoclonal anti-human MC tryptase antibody and 0.5% toluidine blue with four different pH (0.5,1.0,3.0 and 5.0, respectively). The number of MCs of each section was counted and compared with each other, and then the percentage of positive MCs stained with each pH toluidine blue in contrast with immunohistochemistry were calculated. On the other hand, shape and ultrastructure of MCs were observed using electron microscopy. Results The number of positive MCs was significantly different between any both methods except for that between pH 0.5 and 1.0 toluidine blue. The percentage of positive MC stained by toluidine blue in contrast with immunohistochemistry was 78.8% (pH 0.5), 79.4% (pH 1.0), 56.9% (pH 3.0) and 10.2% (pH5.0) respectively. The distributions of MC in kidney examined by these five methods were roughly consistent. Electron microscopy showed that there were both type of infantile and mature MCs in renal tissue. Conclusions ① This study suggests that the best one of these methods to detect the MC in kidney is immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal anti-human MC tryptase antibody;the better one is pH 0.5 or pH 1.0 toluidine blue, but the pH 5.0 toluidine blue stains so few MCs that it does not fit for study of MC in kidney. ② Renal MCs have various different kinds in shape and degranulate in a slow manner.