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老年人贲门术后布比卡因复合曲马多及吗啡病人自控硬膜外镇痛效果和对肺功能的影响

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出处 《临床麻醉学杂志》 CAS CSCD 2004年第5期310-311,共2页 Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology
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参考文献5

  • 1James MF,Heijke SA,Gordon PC.Intravenous tramadol versus epidural morphine for postthoracotomy pain relief:a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.Anesth Analg,1996,83:87-91.
  • 2Bloch MB,Dyer RA,Hei jke SA,et al.Tramadol infusion for postthoracotomy pain relief:a placebo-controlled comparison with epidural morphine.Anesth Analg,2002,94:523-528.
  • 3Hopkins D,Shipton EA,Potgieter D,et al.Comparison of tramadol and morphine via subcutaneous PCA following major orthopaedic surgery.Can J Anaesth,1998,45:435-442.
  • 4Pang WW, Mok MS, Lin CH, et al. Comparison of patient-controlled analgesia(PCA)with tramadol or morphine.Can J Anaesth,1999,46:1030-1035.
  • 5Stamer UM, Maier C, Grond S, et al. Tramadol in the management of post-operative pain:a double-blind,placebo-and active drug-controlled study.Eur J Anaesthesiol,1997,14:646-654.

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