大别山地区虫生真菌群落结构与生态分布

THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI IN DABIE MOUNTAINS

本文对安徽大别山地区虫生真菌的群落结构和生态分布规律进行了研究。在天堂寨和鹞落坪2个自然保护区共设样方278个,先后采集罹病标本1986个,共计50种,隶属于4目、4科、16属。优势种依次为粉拟青霉、细脚拟青霉、下垂虫草、球孢白僵菌和金龟子绿僵菌。在垂直分布上,种的丰度、多度和物种多样性指数都以海拔1100-1150m最高,随着海拔升高或降低,各多样性指标基本上表现递减的趋势。季节分布上,夏季是虫生真菌物种分布最丰富的季节,随着温度下降和雨量的减少,种的丰度和多度也明显下降。另外,该区虫生真菌群落呈现出明显的水平地带性分布规律。

The community structure and ecological distribution of entomogenous fungi were studied in 278 quadrats in Dabie Mountains, West Anhui during July 1997-November 1999. During investigation 1986 specimens were collected. Among them, 50 species were identified, which belong to 16 genera, 4 families and 4 orders. The dominant species were Paecilomyces farinosus, P. tenuipes, Cordyceps nutans, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. The species richness, abundance and species diversity index were the highest at alt. 1100m-1150m. Generally, these indexes of diversity decreased with altitude rising or declining. Seasonal distribution pattern of the entomogenous fungi showed that the richness and abundance were at a peak in summer, and decreased as temperature and rainfall declined. With complicated topographic condition and diverse ecological circumstance in this region, the community is characterized by not only obvious difference in vertical and seasonal distributions, but also obvious difference in horizontal distribution pattern. 37 species were found in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve, but only 31 species in Tiantangzhai Nature Reserve. The dominant species in Yaoluoping were C. nutans, P. farinosus, B. bassiana, P. tenuipes etc. in order of abundance, while in Tiantangzhai P. farinosus, P. tenuipes, C. nutans, M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, and B. bassiana.