人权的本性与价值位阶

Nature of Human Rights and the Value Status

只讲人权的阶级性 ,否认普遍性 ;只考虑“多数人的人权”而忽视“少数人的人权” ;片面强调“主权高于人权”、“集体人权高于个体人权” ;或只讲“生存权是首要人权” ,忽视政治人权居先的价值地位 ,这些观点都有失偏颇。人权是自然性与社会性、阶级性与普遍性的统一 ,抽象地强调“主权高于人权” ,有可能为以“主权压人权”的专制政权提供理论支持。当今中国的首要人权应是政治人权。

The following ideas are all partial ones such as only accepting the character of class concerning human rights but denying the universality of human rights; only considering the “human rights of majorities”, but neglecting the “human rights of minorities”; partially emphasizing “sovereignty is higher than human rights” and “collective human rights prior to individual's human rights” or only regarding “right of existence as the first human right” but ignoring the prior value position of political human rights. Human rights are the unity of the natural character and sociality, character of class and universality. Abstractly emphasizing “sovereignty is higher than human rights” may provide theoretical support for autocratic regime to “use sovereignty to suppress human rights”. Nowadays, the most important human rights in China should be political human rights.