德国发动世界大战的文化诠释

Cultural Interpretation of German Launching World Wars

人们往往从德国争夺霸权、经济危机等方面来阐释德国在短短的20年就发动了两次世界大战。本文试图从德国文化对此作一诠释。(一)日耳曼的神话、母题是世界毁灭:昭示德国敢拿整个民族作赌注把世界拖进毁灭;(二)浮士德文化和民族的不安全感:决定了德国“不可抑制的向远方发展的冲动”与采取极端手段维护自身安全;(三)德国善于把军事与经济力量、人与机器相结合,创造出现代化的军队和先进的军事理论:德国发动大战的物资和技术基础。但这些方面的内容只有在特定的历史条件下才会起作用,促使德国发动世界大战,离开了一定的条件,用这些方面的内容来谈德国发动世界大战,绝不是历史唯物主义。

This paper discusses the causes of German launching two world wars from culture and tradition perspective. German myth, whose theme is the world in ruin, unfurled that German can put the world into damage with its nation's fates; the sense of nation's non-security was doomed that German expanded territory, and that protected its security by extreme means; German is good at integrating military and economic strength, creating powerful forces and military advanced theories which supported world wars materially and technologically.