下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防性治疗与护理

Prophylactic Treatment and Nursing Care of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis

目的 评价对具有下肢深静脉血栓形成的高危因素患者进行恰当的预防性治疗与护理的临床意义。方法 对近期医学文献进行回顾性分析总结。结果 随着诊断技术的提高 ,临床发现住院患者中下肢深静脉血栓形成的发病率逐渐升高 ,特别是具有各种高危因素的患者。下肢深静脉血栓形成可导致深静脉血栓后综合征 ,给患者带来痛苦 ,严重者可发生肺栓塞 ,危及患者生命。近年来 ,低剂量肝素和小分子量肝素的应用安全、有效 ,对下肢深静脉血栓形成预防性治疗具有重要作用。结论 对于具有高危因素的患者 ,应加强护理 ,做好深静脉血栓形成的早期诊断及预防性治疗 ,避免严重并发症的发生。

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of prophylactic treatment and nursing care in patients at high risk for developing lower extremity deep veins thrombosis.Methods A retrospective review of recent medical literature.Results With the development of diagnostic techniques, there was a rising incidence rate of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in clinical inpatients,especially in patients with high risk factors.Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis caused post thrombosis syndrome bringing great distress to the patients and even endangering their lives when pulmonary embolism, the most severe complication, occurred.Recent reports showed that prophylactic treatment with low dose heparin and low molecular weight heparin was of help in lowering the incidence of DVT.Conclusion It is important to reinforce clinical nursing care for patients with high risks.Early diagnosis and prophylactic treatment are essential for preventing severe complications.