浅谈天水民居的门文化

A Brief Discussion of Gate Culture of Tianshui Residents

单体门在中国传统建筑中占有很重要的地位。它是建筑平面组织的中心环节,代表着平面组织的层次,引领整个建筑主题。天水民居单体门的形制可概括为屋宇式、柱廊式和墙垣门三种。以屋宇式宅门多见,而柱廊式门大量为二柱式垂花门,少量是四柱或六柱的宅门。垂花门是天水民居单体门的亮点,集中表现了宅院中最丰富亮丽的色彩与装饰。民居四合院的等级、建制,见微知著,观一眼门楼便可知晓,同样,天水民居单体门的建筑造型、装修和细部装饰亦表现出天水民居建筑的综合特征:封建礼制的等级地位、建筑文化的土木属性、建筑气质的不卑不亢、建筑装饰的不施重彩、木雕艺术的流畅大方。

Gate of a unit occupies an important position in traditional Chinese architecture. It is the central link of architectural surface structure, representing the level of surface structure, leading the theme of a whole architecture. The design of single-structured gate of Tianshui private houses can be generalized as three types: house type, pillar-veranda type and wall type. House type gate is most often seen. With pillar-veranda type, lots of them are festoon gate with two pillars, only a few of them are four or six pillar type. Festoon gate is the eye-catching architecture of single-structured gate among Tianshui private houses, embodying the most colorful and brightest ornament. The grade, organizational system of quadrangle is known with a quick glance at its gateway. The architectural design, decoration and fine ornament of single-structured gate of Tianshui private house show the comprehensive features of Tianshui private houses.