精神生产:人性的张扬与超越——对德国古典哲学精神生产理论的历史分析

Spirit producing:the extension and transcendence of human nature ——The historical analysis on the theory of spirit producing in Germanic classical philosophy

在人类思想发展史上,德国古典哲学的精神生产理论具有独特的历史地位。一方面,它从“人”的角度考察了精神生产,指出精神生产是人性的张扬和超越,是人的主体性生成的重要根据。因此,从方法论上它摆脱了资产阶级古典经济学家从“物”的角度考察精神生产的片面性。另一方面,它又从精神生产的角度来理解人,把人当做精神性的实体,把精神生产理解为人的类本质或人特有的生命活动,把人们对“真”、“善”、“美”的追求,当做人的精神生活的重要内容或人生的最高境界,从而深化了人们对人、人的精神生活或主观世界的研究,开创了近代精神哲学研究的先河。康德的《纯粹理性批判》、《实践理性批判》、《判断力批判》以及黑格尔的《精神现象学》、《精神哲学》在一定程度上就是这一理论的集中阐释。

The theory of spirit producing put forward by classical philosopher in German hold the specific position in human thinking history.On one hand,it studied the spirit producing on the point of view“hu-man being”and pointed out that the spirit producing was the extension and transcendence of human na-ture,also was the important basis to develop subjectivity of human being.So,in terms of methodology,the theory got rid of one-sideness of bourgeoisie classical economist reviewing spirit producing from the point of view of“material”.On the other hand,they studied human being on the basis of spirit producing,which means they regarded human as spiritual entity,considered spiritual producing as human species-nature or particular activities of human beings,also they thought of pursuing of truth perfect and beauty as important content or the highest realm so that they pioneered the study on spirit philosophy in modern history by deepen the study on human beings and their spiritual life or their subjective realm.In some degrees,the theory has been dissertated concentrated in Kants the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason and the Critique of Sense and Hegel spiritual phenomenology and spiritual philosophy.