西方国家城市更新研究综述

SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCHES ON THE URBAN RENEWAL IN WEASTEN COUNTRIES

城市更新是当今世界各国城市发展中的重要实践活动之一,因而也成为包括规划学、地理学、社会学、经济学等学科研究的重点内容之一。受实践的影响,不同的时期又表现出不同的特征:在城市更新的初创时期,研究主要是对城市建设反思为主,并辅以简单改造计划的提出,研究主要集中在物质的层面,地域上以西欧个别国家为主;20世纪初到二战末,各国城市更新实践受到战争影响,因而研究只是一些个别地区改造报告的提出;二战以来,各国城市更新的实践开展得十分广泛,研究成果也十分突出,本时期加强了理论研究,特别强调对人居环境的重视,并且研究涉及的学科从单一的规划学拓展到地理学、社会学、经济学等领域。

Urban renewal is the most important part of urban construction in every country today. And therefore, many subjects including planning, geography, economics, sociology, political science, pay their attention to it. But in different times, the emphases of research are different. In the early days of urban renewal, the emphases of research were placed on the rethinking of the urban construction, especially on the residence construction for the lower classes. Physical reconstructions were the major content. And the practice and research were concentrated in few countries, such as England, Germany etc. From the early 20th century to 1950s, the research was in stagnancy because of the wars. But since then, the urban renewal steps have been into its' golden times, and the research has gone ahead, especially since 1960s. In this period, the emphases are put on the theorization, the population, health and human settlements.