马尾松-木荷混交造林效果的调查研究

Investigation on the Effect of the Mixed Plantation of Pinus massoniana and Schima superba

我国南方立地条件差的低丘岗地,营造马尾松纯林易遭病虫危害,水土流失严重,林地肥力降低,难于成材,为此,对江西高安县9年生马尾松-木荷混交林及其纯林进行了综合调查研究,设立标准地,进行林分生长量、生物量、叶面积、根系、土壤、植被、病虫害、枯落物、水土流失、小气候等观测研究。结果表明,混交林的树高、胸径、每公顷立木蓄积量分别比纯松林大30 9%、31 7%、10 7%,生物量是纯松林的2 24倍,枯落物是纯松、荷林的3 37、1 96倍,病虫害的株发生率、水土流失、小气候等的改善均优于纯松林。松 荷混交林是我国亚热带地区,尤其是低丘岗地上值得推广的优良针阔混交类型。在生产上,建议进行株间、行间或小块状混交,或星散状混交,马尾松、木荷混交比例为5～3∶1,初植株行距为1 2m×1 2m、1 5m×1 5m或2m×2m,密度为4440～6944株·hm-2。

In the hilly ground of southern of China,planting pure Pinus massoniana forest has some problems, such as suffering from pest,soil and water erosion,decrease of soil fertility,hard to grow and so on. The pure Pinus massoniana forestpure Schima superba forest and their mixed forest were investigated in Gaoan County of Jiangxi Province. The result showed that:(1)The mean height,diameter and volume of the mixed forest were higher than those of the pure Pinus forests by 30.9%,31.7% and 10.6%,respectively;(2)The mixed forest's biomass was 2.24 times as much as that of the pure Pinus massoniana forest;(3)The litter of mixed forest's was 3.37 times and 1.96 times as much as that of the pure Pinus massoniana forest and pure Schima superba forest;(4)The conditions of pest, soil and water erosion,and microclimax were better than in those pure forests;(5)Pinus massoniana and Schima superba interacted each other, which encouraged them to grow fast.Tree by tree,row by row, block netted and star dotted were successful patterns of mixed plantation,the mixture ratio of Pinus massoniana and Schima superba was 5∶1 or 3∶1; the initial density was from 4 446 to 6 944 per hectare, the distance between trees or rows was 1.2 m,1.5 m or 2.0 m.