占有制度之功能与我国农地使用人的法律保护

Function of Possession System and Legal Protection of Farm Land Users

在罗马法上 ,占有制度具有两项功能 :占有保护功能和权利取得功能 ,时效取得乃是权利取得功能的表现形式。作者经过深入全面考察农地使用人占有使用农地之现实状况 ,并科学预测农地使用权物权化之后农地使用领域可能发生的种种情形 ,指出在中国物权法上确立占有制度 ,创设占有保护请求权 ,对于实现土地效益与诉讼效益最大化 ,强化农地使用人的现实保护具有特殊而深远的意义。将时效取得制度扩大适用至农地使用权领域 ,无疑会促进土地资源利用效率的最大化 ,并将成为农民积极开发利用荒地资源的一大诱因。

According to the Roman Law, the possession system features two functions, i.e. possession protection and the right procurement. The function of right procurement is realized through the system of acquisitive prescription. Drawn on the in-depth survey of current utilization of farm land by rural farmers and scientific forecast of farm land utilization after the right of farm land is turned into property right, the author argues that it is of crucial and long-lasting significance to establish the possession system supported by China’s Real Right Law, legalize the right of claim for possession protection for maximizing land benefits and litigation benefits and for enhancing the practical protection of farm land users. The author further holds that applying the acquisitive prescription system to the farm land utilization right will absolutely maximize the utilization efficiency of land resources and boost the drive of waste-land exploitation.