大学生身体成分特征与运动能力及体质健康关系的研究

Research on the Relationships Among Physical Composition and Athletic Ability and Good Physique of Chinese Undergraduates

为探讨现阶段我国大学生身体成分特征与运动能力及体质健康的关系,采用实验研究法,查阅文献资料法,数理统计法等。结果表明,18～23岁男、女大学生随年龄、体重的增长体脂缓慢增长,而去脂体重即瘦体重(LBM)却呈下降趋势。18～23岁各年龄组大学生中,男子18、19岁年龄组的无氧工作能力及18岁年龄组的有氧工作能力明显好于其他各年龄组(P<0 05);女子18、19岁年龄组的无氧及有氧工作能力均明显好于其他各年龄组(P<0 01)。18～23岁各年龄组男、女大学生中,体脂高学生的坐位体前屈、肺活量体重指数、立定跳远、1000m跑(男子)及800m跑(女子)、握力体重指数等5项体质指标与体脂正常学生比较,有显著或非常显著差异(P<0 05或P<0 01)。建议采取适当手段对大学生特别是体脂高的学生进行必要的体质健康干预,以增强其体质健康水平。

By experimental research method,looking-up literature method,mathematical and chemical statistics method,etc.This paper investigated the relationships among physical composition,athletic ability and good physique of chinese university students from 18 to 23 years old.It was showed that their fat increases slowly and their weight gets heavy as the grow older,while their LBM decreases.For both male and female students from 18 to 23 years old,aerobic working ability of the 18 and 19 years old male age group and the anaerobic working ability of the 18-year-old male age group are much better than those of the other age groups (P<0.05);both aerobic and anaerobic working ability of the 18 and 19 years old female age group are much better than those of the other age groups(P<0.01).For both male and female students from 18 to 23 years old,the 5 physique indexes of the students with high fat have difference or remarkable difference(P<0.05 or P<0.01) from those of the students with regular fat.These 5 physique indexes are seated body bending ,vital capacity weight index,standing long jump,1000 meters running(male) and 800 meters running(female),gripping power weight index number.It is suggested that it is necessary to adopt opportune means and conduct health interference for university students,especially students with high fat so as to improve their physique health.