援助与限制:苏联与中国的核武器研制(1949—1960)

Aid and Restriction: the USSR and the Development of Atomic Weapons in China(1949-1960)

195 0年代苏联对中国研制核武器表现出一种既要给予援助又要进行限制的复杂心态 :中苏军事同盟的存在决定了苏联必须在核武器方面帮助中国 ,提供核保护或者核技术 ;由于赫鲁晓夫在政治上有求于中共 ,苏联不断地提高对中国核援助的层次和力度 ,而这是中国能在短短十年内制造出原子弹的重要原因之一 ;赫鲁晓夫在内心深处对毛泽东的不信任 ,特别是中苏在核战略和核政策以及处理国际事务等方面的分歧不断显露 ,构成了苏联核援助的限度和制约条件 ;中苏关系刚出现一丝分歧的迹象 ,苏联首先关闭的就是核援助的大门。

In the 1950s,the Soviets were both supportive and restrictive to atomic weapon projects in China .As a military ally,the USSR was obliged to provide aid,including nuclear protection and technology,to China's atomic weapons program.Trying to gain political support from Chinese Communist Party,Khrushchev provided more nuclear aid to China at higher levels,and this was one of the major reasons why China!was able to make an atomic bomb within ten short years.On the other hand,with Khrushchev's deep seated distrust of Mao Zedong,particularly with the deepening Sino Soviet disagreements in atomic strategy,atomic policy and international affairs,the USSR tried to limit and restrict its atomic aid.When the first signs of a split in Sino-Soviet relations emerged,the first thing to go was the USSR's atomic aid to China.