论高昌国的下行文书——符

On the Officialese to the lower level in Gaochang——Fu(符)

吐鲁番出土的麴氏高昌国资料 ,极大地丰富了我们对当时历史的认识 ,其中的各种官文书 ,不论上行文书还是下行文书 ,不仅提供了高昌的制度史资料 ,其文书本身也是极其珍贵的史料 ,因为在古代官僚制度中 ,文书制度是重要内容之一。在前人研究的基础上 ,本文对高昌国下行文书符进行了重新讨论 ,涉及符这种官文书在高昌的来源、变化 。

Fu is a kind of dispatch sent from superior officials to their inferiors used in the kingdom of Qu . The Fus unearthed in Gaochang not only offered much to the study of the political system of the kingdom of Qu , but also threw new light on the study of ancient official documents. The author studies in this paper the origin of Fu and how it was developed into present form as well as how it worked and was kept on file.