长江中游地区新石器时代自然环境变迁研究

On the Environmental Changes of the Neolithic age in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

长江中游地区彭头山文化时期为全新世大暖期初期的第一个适宜期。大溪文化开始时正处于大暖期的鼎盛时期 ,此时温热多雨。从大溪中期偏晚阶段开始 ,气候转冷 ,洪水位升高 ,江汉湖群扩张 ;到大溪文化晚期和屈家岭文化早期出现冷锋 ,并出现较高洪水位 ,云梦泽基本形成。屈家岭晚期至石家河文化早期气候重新变暖 ,降水增加 ,洪水位降低 ,湖群萎缩。从石家河文化中期偏晚开始 ,气候又开始恶化 ,气温下降 ,洪水频发 ,同时云梦泽再次扩张。

In the Neolithic Era, the geomorphology, the flux of air temperature, the vicissitude of water levels and the expansion and shrinkage of the lakes in Jianghan Plain that is an ecological transitional area characterized by great flux and instability are reconstruct. There used to exist two warm periods in the early stages of Daxi Culture and Shijiahe Culture, and two cold periods in the late stage of Daxi Culture, the early stage of Qujialing Culture, and the late stage of Shijiahe Culture. In the warm periods, the air temperature rose but the lake shrank, thus makes it propitious to the development of society and culture. However, in the cold periods, the air temperatures decreased and the lakes expanded which may destroy the homestead of some groups.