荒漠绿洲香梨园生草覆盖节水省肥效应的研究

Effect of Growing and Covering Grass on Water and Fertilizer Saving in Pear Orchard in Desert Oasis Land

南疆荒漠绿洲光热资源充足,但水资源短缺,严重制约了农业的发展,1999～2003年连续5年对香梨园进行了覆草节水试验。结果表明:覆草能显著提高香梨产量和品质,5年间年均增产幅度为15 2%～65 3%,节水幅度达到28 8%～36 1%,土壤有机质含量增加25 6%～70 5%,速效氮、速效钾和速效磷的含量分别增加39 1～76 4mg/kg、4 5～18 0mg/kg和29 8～76 9mg/kg,0～30cm土层10 0mm直径总根数增加幅度达到55%～122 1%。经济效益分析表明:以苜蓿生草覆草最宜,5年年均增产7514 3kg/hm2,年增收入达到5008 85元/hm2,节水效益达到508 55元/hm2,省肥效益达到1950元/hm2,产投比为5.56。

The oasis area of South Xinjiang rich in light and temperature resource.But lack of water resource severely restricted the development of agriculture.To solve the problems of sustainable development of agriulture,the five-year experiment result indicated that growing grass and covering pear plantation with straw was quite beneficial for 'Xiangli'pear( Pyrus.sinkiangensis .Yu)grown on oasis soil.No mater what varies of growing grass and covering with those,the yield,quality,the soil organic matter,N,P,K and the amount of roots,all could be increased.The average yield,water-saving,the content of organic matter,available N,P,K,were increased by 15.2%～65.3%,28.8%～36.1%,25.6%～70.5%,39.1～76.4 mg/kg、4.5～18.0 mg/kg、29.8～76.9 mg/kg respectively.ln the meantime,the root number in 0～30 cm topsoil was raised by 55%～122.1%.Considering the economic value,the suitable grass varies was Medicago repens.The average yield,the water-saving effect save fertilizer effect and the net income were increased by 7 514.3 kg/hm^2,5 008.85yuan/hm^2,508.55yuan/hm^2,1 950yuan/hm^2,The value to capital investment ratio was 5.56.