加拿大一枝黄花生物学特性初步试验

Preliminary study on the biological characteristics of Solidago canadensis

通过在自然条件下对加拿大一枝黄花生物学特性观察,并采用盆栽法、纸碟砂培法,对土层深度与水分含量对出苗的影响进行研究。结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花在自然条件下每年从3月中、下旬到10月上、中旬都能发生,其中3月中、下旬,日平均气温在15℃左右,最高气温在20℃左右为草籽出苗起始阶段。4月上旬到5月中旬末,日平均气温在18℃左右,最高气温在30℃左右为最佳出苗期。极端气温低于10℃,高于35℃,加拿大一枝黄花基本不出苗,处于休眠期。近地表草籽出苗率最高,土深超过2cm的草籽一般不出苗。含水量过低或过高对草籽的发芽率都不利,含水量在25%左右其发芽率最高,达48.67%。

The observations on the biological characteristics of Solidago canadensis was conducted under natural conditions and the effect of soil depth and moisture content on the seedling emergence was carried out by pot experiments, paper plate method and sand culture method. The results showed that Solidago canadensis can occur from the middle and late March to the early and middle October every year. Its seedlings began to emerge in the middle and late March when the daily mean temperature was about 15 ℃and the highest temperature was about 20 ℃. The optimum emergence stage was from the early April to the middle May when daily mean temperature was about 18 ℃and the highest temperature about 30 ℃. Its seeds were in a dormant state when the extreme temperature was below 10 ℃or over 35 ℃. Those seeds near the soil surface had the highest seedling emergence rate, the seeds under 2 cm of soil can not germinate. The extreme high or low moisture contents were unfavorable for the germination of Solidago canadensis seeds. When the moisture content was about 25%, the germination rate was highest (48.67%).