田径运动训练过程控制理论研究现状与分析

Present Situation and Analysis on the Study of Control Theory in the Training Process of Track and Field

在综合分析国内外文献资料基础上,分别对田径运动训练过程控制理论研究的起源、训练周期控制理论、运动负荷控制理论以及训练过程控制模型等领域的研究现状进行综述。研究表明:国内外学者在训练过程的周期划分、训练结构、训练内容等方面存在着较为一致的看法,但在训练周期具体安排方面却存在较大差异。对运动负荷控制理论研究的基点是依据人体生理适应与刺激变化展开的,而对训练过程控制模式的研究则主要是从专项训练和数学的角度,分别对运动员体能、技术和心理训练等内容进行研究,以上研究成果虽然具有一定的个体性和局限性,但为揭示运动负荷与训练模式的控制原理提供了重要依据。

Based on the analysis of literatures from China and aboard, the authors summarized present situations of the research about the origin of studying the control theory existing in the track and field training, the control theory of training period and the sports load, as well as the control model of training process, and so on. The results indicated that the scholars in home and abroad had comparatively consistent views on dividing the period of the training process and shaped the training structure and content etc. However, there was fairly big difference in how to arrange the concrete training period. The study on the control theory of sports load was based on the physical adaptation and stimulus and change. From the angle of special training and mathematics, the study on the control pattern of training process was focused on the separated research about the physical strength, skill and mental training of the athletes. Though having individualist and limitation to a greater or lesser extent, the positive results provided the important reference for revealing the control principle of the sports load and training mode.