我国跳高项目16～17岁优秀运动员的技术特征分析

Discussion on Characteristics of the Technique of 16～17 Years Old High Jump Athletes in China

以参加2001年全国少年田径锦标赛(16～17岁组)和全国体育运动学校锦标赛(16～17岁)跳高比赛的男女运动员共44人为研究对象,采用问卷调查法、三维摄像和解析方法、数理统计法及评价理论,分析了我国跳高项目后备人才的技术水平现状和存在问题。结果认为:少年运动员与世界优秀运动员在跳高成绩的三个高度构成上基本一致;少年运动员起跳时起跳腿蹬伸不充分、离地瞬间躯干过早倒向横杆,以及少年女子运动员在起跳腿蹬伸阶段的摆动不够积极等是影响少年运动员起跳离地瞬间的身体重心高度值(H1)的主要原因;影响女子少年运动员不能获得较大的腾起高度的原因包括起跳过程中的起跳腿膝关节缓冲幅度和缓冲时间、起跳腿蹬伸时的摆动腿摆动幅度以及身体重心水平速度与横杆之间的夹角等。

The authors surveyed 44 excellent 16～17 years old juvenile high jumpers who took part in the national juvenile track-field tournament and the national sports athletics schools tournament, with the methods of document, questionnaire, three-dimensional photography and Aijie instrument, according to the theory of measurement and evaluation, the technique status quo and problems of Chinese high jump talents were explored, and the point table for grading was set up, the purpose is to give the gist of controlling the training process.