地膜覆盖对油菜CMS育性及制种质量的影响研究

The effects of plastic film mulching on CMS fertility of rape and quality of seeds production

在地膜覆盖条件下研究了油菜细胞质雄性不育系3131A育性变化及对制种质量的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖能显著改善油菜根际的水、热状况。盖膜比露地5cm平均土温提高1.37～3.38℃,10cm提高0.22～0.76℃,15cm提高1.18～3.08℃,20cm提高2.03～2.56℃;10cm土壤含水量提高2.41%～3.91%,20cm提高0.44%～2.47%。良好的水热状况,改善了不育系生长发育环境,提高了花芽分化发育时期的温度,减少了微粉的产生。地膜覆盖条件下不育系初花期花粉镜检活力仅为0.9%～1.0%,而对照高达4.1%～4.3%,进一步套袋自交,结角率为0.67%,结实指数仅为2.0,显著低于对照。地膜覆盖能显著改善制种亲本的经济性状,提高制种产量和质量。油菜制种纯度达到92%的国家一级标准,制种产量可达到1478.70kg/hm2。

The experiment was carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on CMS fertility of rape and quality of seed production. The results showed that the plastic film mulching could improve the soil moisture and heat condition in the rhizosphere of rape. Compared to that in the open land, the temperature in the mulched land was 1.37~3.38℃ higher in the depth of 5 cm, 0.22~0.76℃ higher in the depth of 10 cm, 1.18~3.08℃ higher in the depth of 15 cm, and 2.03~2.56℃ higher in the depth of 20 cm. The water contents were increased by 2.41%~3.91% in the depth of 10 cm,and 0.44%~2.47% in the depth of 20 cm, under film mulching. The plastic film mulching could also improve the development enviroment of CMS, increase the temperature at the stage of bud differentiation, and decrease the pollen caused by the consecutive high temperature at the budding stage. Under the condition of mulching, the survival rate of pollen under the microscope was only 0.9%~1.0% at the beginning of flowering, but that of the control was 4.1%~4.3%, so the pod rate and the rapeseed index was obviously lower than that of the control. Furthmore, the plastic film mulching could improve the economic characters of the parents, and increase the yield and quality of rapeseed production. The purity of rapeseed production reached the level of more than 92%, and the yield of the rapeseed was 1 478.70 kg/hm^2.