发展中国家的普遍服务政策

Universal Service Obligations in Developing Countries

本文构建非对称信息模型分析普遍服务政策问题，其中政府对企业在农村提供服务的边际成本具有非对称信息。本文对区别定价和统一定价两种情形进行了对比分析。在实施区别定价时，不完全信息将提高农村地区的资费水平，并且降低相应的网络覆盖面积；而在实施统一定价时，农村地区的定价可能降低，但却是以网络覆盖的减少为代价的。本文的政策结论是：在实施普遍服务政策时，需要综合考虑网络投资的激励和厍户承受能力。

We develop a model in which the government has asymmetric information about a monopolistic firm's marginal cost of providing services in the rural area. We consider both dis-criminatory pricing and uniform pricing. With discriminatory pricing, asymmetric informationleads to a higher price and a smaller network for the rural area than those under full information.While it may induce a lower price for the rural area under uniform pricing, it is achieved at a costof smaller network. The policy implication is the government's USO policy should take account ofboth the incentives for network investments and the affordability of rural users.