张为《诗人主客图》的诗学理想及其意义

The Meaning and Poetic Ideal in Zhang Wei's 《the poets Zhu Ke Tu》

晚唐诗人张为在其诗选评论集《诗人主客图》中把中晚唐诗人78人分为“广大教化主”、“高古奥逸主”、“清奇雅正主”、“清奇僻苦主”、“博解宏拨主”、“瑰奇美丽主”六系和“主”、“上入室”、“入室”、“升堂”、“及门”5等。这种评论法遭后世颇多非议,然而将其还原至当时的文化语境,透析其内容和形式,我们可以看到这个文本形式不仅蕴含着作者崇儒尚道的诗学理想,而且还传达出作者因政治抱负和理想不能够实现而转以参禅问道的事实。

Seventy eight poets of the middle-later Tang Dynasty were divided into six groups and five grades by ZhangWei in his poet comments collection 《the poets Zhu Ke Tu》. The six groups were respectively titled: GuangDaJiaoHuaZhu, GaoGuAoYiZhu, QingQiYaZhengZhu, QingQiPiKuZhu, BoJieHongBaZhu, GuiQiMeiLiZhu, and the five grades were named by Zhu, ShangRuShi, RuShi, ShengTang and JiMen. This classification method was criticized by the comments of the later generation. But by studying the literal circumstance of that times, and analyzing the content and form of the collection, we could not only learn from the text ZhangWeis poetic ideal of advocating Confucianism and Taoism, but also get the fact that the writer finally turned to Chan and Taoism, because he could not practise his political ideal and aspiration, and was extremely disappointed.