钧窑始烧年代考

On the Starting Date of the Production of Jun Ware

钧窑被称为宋代的五大名窑 ,但考古工作中一直没有可信的材料证明其始烧于宋代 ,近年来国内外学界多撰文将钧窑的始烧年代定在金代以后。本文系统地介绍了 2 0 0 1年发掘禹州神刘家门窑址最早地层的出土器物 ,总结了其器形、胎釉和工艺特征。继之将其与考古发掘的窑址和墓葬材料进行对比 ,探讨了出土早期钧窑器物的窖藏、墓葬和遗址的年代 ,讨论了早期钧窑几项重要工艺的时代特征 ,结合窑址出土的纪年材料 ,证明刘家门窑第一期前段的时代为北宋徽、钦二宗时期 ,这也是钧窑的始烧时间。最后简论了钧窑是仿汝窑产生的 ,在北宋末期与汝窑同时生产。

The Jun ware is being regarded as one of the five major wares of the Song Dynasty. To date, no confirmed evidence from the archaeological context indicates that it initiated to fire during the Song times. Recently, a number of articles both inside and outside of China placed the first firing date of Jun Ware to the post-Jin Dynasty. This article systematically investigates the assemblage recovered from the earliest cultural stratum of the 2001 excavation of Liujiamen kiln site at Shenhou, Yuzhou. It first summaries their characteristics in morphology, glaze and technology. It then compares the material remains of the kilns and graves contexts, discusses the dates of the hoards, burials and settlements that yielded early Jun Ware artifacts, and examines the several primary diagnostic technological features of early Jun Ware. With the support of the unearthed dated materials from the kiln site, this article identifies that the early period of phase I of Liujiamen, which was also the beginning of the firing date of Jun Ware, should be bracketed between the era of Emperors Huizong and Qinzong of the Northern Song(first quarter of 12 century).Finally, it also implicates that Jun Ware was an initation of Ru Ware, and it operated simultaneously with the Ru Ware during the final years of the Northern Song.