卜辞所见商代思想中的四风与天命

“Four-direction Winds 四风”and“God’s Will 天命”in the Shang People’s Ideology Reflected from Oracle Inscriptions

殷墟卜辞中有四方风名 ,是研究商代思想的重要资料。本文认为 ,四风应是象征四种气候 ,后世哲学思想中的“气” ,应是源自商代自然崇拜中的“风” ,古人认为“风”是“天地之使” ,故卜辞中有“帝史风” ;古人还认为“风”是天之命令 ,故四风象征天命。

Winds of the four directions,from the North,the South,the West and the East,have their own special names in the oracle-bone inscriptions from Yinxu,the late Shang capital in Anyang,providing very imortant clues to understand the philosophical thought of the Shang people.This paper,argues that the four winds representing four climates,and the idea Qi or the motion of spirit in later philosophical thought might have come from the concept wind of the Shang people.The wind,used to be thought as the ambassador of the Heaven and the Earth,thus might represent fatality.