描述性政治哲学的近代形态:功利主义与契约论

The Modern Presentation of the Descriptive Political Philosophy: Utilitarianism and Social Contract Theory

从功利主义和洛克的契约论所赖以产生的描述性政治哲学的理论背景分析中 ,本文认为 ,它们是在反对神权政治和世俗专制中建立起来的 ,其共同的理论旨趣是“自由 ,只有因为自由而被限制。”但是 ,由于它们把政治等同于社会 ,把政治工具化的同时 ,也将社会工具化 ,导致生活表层化和价值表象化。马克思所提出的“人类社会”

Based on an analysis of the context of the descriptive political philosophy and its representation of Utilitarianism and social contract theory, the writer of the present paper holds that they are developed in the process of fighting against thearchy and despotism. They have a common ground in theory, that is, “freedom can only be confined for freedom”. However, as they regard politics as society, when they consider politics as a means, they regard society as a means as well. This leads to the superficiality of the life and presentation of the value. The term “human being society” put forward by Marx is the most precise criticism of Utilitarianism and social contract theory.