论《尔雅》同义词内部地位的不等同性

The Non-equality of the Synonyms in Er Ya

古人重视同义词内部成员的不等同性正是其优良传统 ,而以往研究滞后 ,无人问津。本文从认知语言学的角度 ,认为《尔雅》同义词具有不平等性 ,这种不等同性表现为同义范畴词内典型成员与非典型成员的认知差异性及层级性。《尔雅》的训词与被训词有典型与非典型的差别 ;构成同义集合的多义词据义项做典型或非典型成员 ;同义聚合体的成员显著度呈多层级递属变化。这从一个方面证明《尔雅》为一部同义词典 。

The ancient Chinese paid great attention to the semantic difference of synonyms, which is a good tradition indeed. However recently, this study has been left aside because research has lagged behind in this field. Based on cognitive linguistic point of view, the present paper argues that in the book, Er Ya, synonyms are regarded as non-equal in semantics to one another. The difference lies in the cognitive variances and cognitive degrees as far as the typical and non-typical members of the synonyms are concerned. The explaining and explained words in Er Ya are different in terms of typicality and non-typicality, and polysemies——synonym assembles-can act as typicality or non-typicality members based on their meanings. Salience of synonym members has various degrees. This demonstrates that Er Ya is a synonym dictionary on one hand, and on the other, it indicates that synonym research was quite mature at that time in the Chinese history.