铜、铝导体生产的发展趋向及有关问题的探讨

Tendency of development of the production of copper/aluminium conductors and discussion of related problems

本文综合分析了我国铜、铝及它们的合金导体在品种、质量和生产装备方面的现状和国外在该领域的进展及发展趋向,并指出:我国铜、铝导体的年用量已名列世界前茅,但导体的品种少,工艺装备落后。其中铝连铸连轧生产线比铜的更落后,主要差距在计算机监控系统,由此也限制了品种的发展;废铜在导体上的应用,要提高质量关键在于所用废铜原材料的级别、熔炼炉及熔炼工艺;铜杆质量不能满足电缆工业发展的需要,修订电工用铜杆国标或制订行业标准,实行铜杆分等使用已是势在必行;我国电缆工业需要建立真正意义上的从金属材料、镀层、导体结构到绝缘材料特种的电缆厂;行业协会在组织行业内部带有共性问题的科技攻关,与产业界、行业间的协调和科技合作方面应起到更大的作用;应发挥综合优势,加强材料、工艺、产品与设备的联合攻关,实现科技与生产的创新。

This paper presents in summary the status-quo of the products, quality and manufacturing equipment of conductors of copper, aluminium and their alloys in China as well as developments abroad in this sector. It indicates that the annual consumption of copper/aluminium conductors in China takes the lead in the world though, the category of products is few and the manufacturing equipment is backward. Especially the continuous casting and rolling line for aluminium is somewhat more backward than that for copper. The back-wardness lies mainly in lack of computer-aided monitoring system, which limits the development of new product category; the application of scrap copper in copper conductor, the key for improving the conductor quality relying on the grade of the scrap copper, the smelter and the smelting process; the quality of copper wire rods, which cannot comply with the requirements of the development of the cable industry, so it being necessary to modify the national standard for EC grade copper wire rods or prepare individual company specifications and make classification of copper wire rods; lack of special cable plant in its real sense in China which processes metal raw materials, coating, conductor construction and insulating compounds; the role of the wire and cable association, which shall be more active in organizing the technical people in the industry to tackle the difficult problems of common concern and play an important role in promoting co-operations between industries; failure to bring into full play the general advantages of the industry, which is necessary for making joint efforts to tackle problems in raw materials, process, product and equipment and making inventions in science and technology as well as in manufacturing process.