科研评价和科学计量学的研究纲领——二者关系的历史演变与重新定义

The evaluation of research and the scientometric research program: historical evolution and redefinitions of the relationship

科研评价以科研表象为基础。在提高研究系统的表象质量的过程中,无法避免与这些研究系统迥异的接收系统为指标赋予意义。由于决策影响到所要探究的系统,这种结构产生的张力正在推动"二战"以来科学指标的进一步发展。本文从历史的角度讨论了科学指标的出现和所涉及的方法论问题,介绍了欧盟在跨国层次上的政策协调以及因特网作为全球交流的媒介而带来的新的发展动向。科学、技术和创新政策在不同层次上以不同目标日益发展,有望对评价话语加以区别。

Research evaluation is based on a representation of the research. Improving the quality of the representations cannot prevent the indicators from being provided with meaning by a receiving system different from the research system(s) under study. Since policy decisions affect the systems under study, this configuration generates a tension that has been driving the further development of science indicators since World War II. The article discusses historically the emergence of science indicators and some of the methodological problems involved. More recent developments have been induced by the emergence of the European Union as a supra-national level of policy coordination and by the Internet as a global medium of communication. As science, technology, and innovation policies develop increasingly at various levels and with different objectives, the evaluative discourses can be expected to differentiate with reference to the discourses in which they are enrolled.