略谈现代文学论争的思维方式和批评方法

On the Thinking Mode and Critic Method of Contemporary Literary Contention

现代文学论争不仅在论争的焦点和内容方面有迹可寻,而且在思维方式、批评方法方面也有不少值得汲取的经验教训。五四以来30年间的文学论争集中于文学与政治的关系问题,大致形成了干涉与反干涉、消解与反消解两极。论争中出现了四种较常见的现象:(一)论争看似热闹,实际并不针锋相对;(二)"非此即彼"的二元对立思维方式;(三)攻其一点、不及其余,断章取义,无限上纲;(四)缺乏理智和宽容的态度。反映在这些现象中的思维方式和批评方法都有其理论失误,并对后来文坛产生了深远的负面影响。

Contemporary literary contention has left a clear trail in its content and controversial points,and its thinking mode and critic method are worth paying attention to.The issue of 30 years' literary contention since the May 4th Movement has centred around the relationship between liturature and politics,shaping rouphly the two poles of interference and anti-interference and removal and anti-removal.There appeared four frequently seen phenomena in the course of contention:(1) The contention seemed hot,but not tit for tat;(2)it produced a diametrically opposed thinking mode of 'either this or that';(3)it gave way to attacking just one point and not involving others;and (4) it lacked a rational and tolerant attitude.This sort of thinking and criticism produced far-reaching negative influence upon the subsquent development of literature.