马克思劳动价值论与边际效用价值论之比较

A Comparative Study of the Marxist Theory of Labor Value with the Theory of Marginal Utility Value

比较了马克思劳动价值论与边际效用价值论的异同点。不同之处主要体现在:(1)在哲学基础上,前者以马克思主义哲学为指导,后者以主观唯心主义和形而上学为指导;(2)在研究的目的和出发点上,前者是为剩余价值理论奠定基础,为无产阶级革命提供思想武器,后者则是为资产阶级服务;(3)在价值源泉上,前者主张活劳动是价值的惟一源泉,后者却认为效用或最后效用程度是价值的源泉;(4)在价值度量标准上,前者认为是社会必要劳动时间,后者认为是边际效用等等。共性方面体现在:(1)两者产生的历史背景大致相同;(2)立足点都是市场经济;(3)在本源上,都属于价值论上的"一元论"等等。同时指出,应当坚持活劳动创造价值的一元论,结合新的社会实践,发展马克思主义劳动价值论。

This paper deals with similarities and dissimilarities between the Marxist theory of labor value with the theory of marginal utility value.The two theories are different in that:1) The former is based on Marxist philosophy while the latter is guided by subjective idealism and metaphysics;2) the former lays a foundation for the surplus value theory,which provides the ideological weapon for the proletarian revolution while the latter serves the capitalist class;3) According to the former,human labor is the sole source of value,but according to the latter,utility or final utility degree is the sole source of value;and 4) It is socially necessary labor time,according to the former,but it is marginal utility and so on,according to the latter,that should be used as the standard of magnitude of value.The two theories have a few poionts in common:1) Their historical background is almost alike;2) They are both based on market economy;3) Both of them belong to the monism of value theory and insist that the Marxist theory of labor value should be futher developed on the basis of the monism that human labor can create value,and in combination with new social practice.