航天飞机自动着陆技术概念研究

Concept Research for Space Shuttle Autolanding

自动着陆段是航天飞机整个飞行任务的最后一段 ,它是指从离地高度 30 0 0m的自动着陆入口到航天飞机在跑道上着陆滑跑的这一段飞行。在自动着陆段 ,航天飞机着陆采用对基准轨迹跟踪的方式 ,就是根据预先设计好的基准轨迹 ,各模态的制导系统将航天飞机的高度误差和高度速率误差按照一定制导律得出法向加速度指令 ,去控制飞机 ,以跟踪基准轨迹。本文还阐述了速度控制、起落架着地后的俯仰速率控制、横滚改出及飞行员人工监控和接管航天飞机着陆等内容。

The autolanding phase is the last phase of shuttle flight mission. It begins at autolanding interface (ALI) which is typically at a 3,000 m altitude, and ends at touchdown on the runway. In this unpowered flight phase, a reference trajectory-tracking mode is adopted for shuttle autolanding. Based on the pre-designed reference trajectory, a normal acceleration command is provided by the guidance system for every guiding mode from the altitude error and the altitude rate error, and then it is sent to flight control system (FCS) to control shuttle. That way the reference trajectory tracking is accomplished. In addition, the paper also presents speed-control system, slapdown, rollout and pilot monitoring and takeover. The concept research for space autolanding is a necessary theory and a technology reservation for the development of shuttle autolanding system in the future.