高粱幼胚小盾片愈伤组织的诱导及其再生植株性状的变异分析

CALLUS INDUCTION OF THE SCUTELLUM OF IMMATURE EMBRYOS AND THE VARIATION ANALYSES OF THEIR REGENERATED PLANT CHARACTERS IN SORGHUM

一、前言植物组织培养和细胞培养技术属于植物育种的基础研究和应用研究。在禾谷类作物方面,现有的组织培养技术只限于少数遗传品系上。这主要由于单子叶植物愈伤组织再生植株能力低。然而,1975年Green和phillips第一次报道了一种明显例外的情况。他们从玉米幼胚小盾片愈伤组织中获得高频率的再生植株。在燕麦、大麦、小麦中也有类似现象。最近发现,对禾谷类愈伤组织诱导和植株再生来说,幼胚小盾片是适宜的外植体材料。

A study on the scutellum callus induction of immature embryos and thengenetic variation of regenerated plant(F_2) of 10 self-pollination and 10 hybrids was reported in this paper. Sorghum optium immature embryos for inoculation are those which were 12～13 days after pollination and 1mm length. The differentiated ability from immature embryos to regenerated plants was different in a variety of genetypes. Regenerated plants were obstained only from 1836 and 1836×Xiongyue191. In generations of 1836 and 1836×Xiongyue191 (F_2)quality character indicated that protein contein in 1836 was significantly higher and tannin lower than control. Lysine contein changed widely thus it has a greater improvement potentiality. In regenerated plants (F_2) of 1838×Xiongyue191 lysine contein of SR, SLR and SW were significantly higher than control. This showed there is a probability to culture immature embryos to get regenerated plants for choicing varieties with high lysine and low tannin. The analysis of PAGE of isozyme in seeds indicated that SR regenerated plants appeared one kind of isoperoxidase which was absent in parents.