绞股蓝属叶表皮形态与生态环境的关系

The Relationship Between Epidermal Appearance of Gynostemma Leaf and Ecological Environment

本文通过对安徽产6种绞股蓝成熟叶片(其中4种包括雌、雄)叶表面的扫描电镜观察和4种成熟叶片横切面解剖结构的光学显微镜观察,发现不同种类、不同产地的绞股蓝叶表皮细胞形状、外壁角质层的厚薄、蜡质复盖物的多少、气孔密度和气孔在表皮上的位置,以及气孔器外拱盖的形状均不相同。一般生长在比较干燥环境的种群,其叶片在控制水分散失方面的结构发育比较完善,反之,习惯在空气湿度较大的环境下生长的种群,往往由于不能很好地控制水分的散失而只能分布在极有限的区域内,并进一步演化为在遗传上具有相对稳定性和具有特定形态结构的特化类群。

Observing on epidermal morphology of Gynostemma mature leaf including 6 species (maleand female plants of 4 species of them) under SEM and on the cross section of 4 species matureleaf under LM show that the shap of epidermal cell, the thickness of cuticle, the amount of wax,the density and the location of the stomatal apparatus, the shape of the outer stomatal ledge are alldifferent accrocding to the different species and its growing range. The foliar structure of thespecies in the dry environment developed much better in water-retaining capacity. Contrary tothese species, the others can only grow in limited range. All these evolve into peculiar shape andstructure that have relative stability in heredity.