基于矢量传感器复声强测量的低空目标二维波达方向估计

Two-dimensional direction finding for low altitude targets based on intensity measurement using an acoustic vector-sensor

提出了一种基于三维压差式矢量传感器复声强测量的低空目标二维波达方向(DOA:Directions Of Arrival)估计方法。利用矢量传感器在低频段的良好特性,实现了小尺寸声阵条件下的高精度目标DOA估计。采用实测的直升机辐射噪声数据验证了该方法的有效性,研究了传感器尺寸、积分时间和信噪比对目标DOA估计精度的影响。性能分析表明,在小尺寸声阵条件下,新方法优于基于时延估计的测向方法。该研究为实现低空运动目标的无源声学探测提供了一种新的技术途径。

This paper presents a new method of two-dimensional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for low altitude targets, which is based on intensity measurement using a three-dimensional acoustic vector-sensor. With the perfect characteristics of acoustic vector sensor in the low frequency band, accurate DOA estimation is achieved with small array size. The validity of the proposed method is assessed by numerical simulations on the noise signals generated by a helicopter. The influence of acoustic sensor size, integral time and signal to noise ratio to the accuracy of DOA estimation is investigated, respectively. The performance comparisons demonstrate that the new method outperforms the traditional time-delay measurement based one for a small acoustic array.